Sanitary tent.



J. H. V. BAGHB.

SANITARY TENT.

APPLICATION FILED MAYM. 1914.

Patented J an. 5, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

THE NORRIS PETERS Co.. PHUTOYLITHO.. WASHINGTON. D. C

J. H. V. BACHE.

SANITARY TENT.

APPLICATION FILED MAY14.1914,

Patented Jan. 5, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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JOHN H. V. BACHE, 0F BOUNDBROOK, NEW JERSEY.

SANITARY TENT.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 5, 1915..

Application led May 14, 1914. Serial No. 838,467.

To alli/710m t may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN H. V. BACHE, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Boundbrook, in the county of Somerset and State of New Jersey, have invented a Sanitary Tent, of which the following is a description.

The invention relates generally to tentsor temporary structures of a collapsible nature which serve as a housing for the occupant to protect him against storm and weather conditions. It is applicable to almost any form of so-called tent-structure and has to do with the proper' ventilation of such an inclosure as is defined by the ordinary tent structure.

It is a well-known fact that the American Indian is the only individual having knowl-I edge and skill requisite to utilize the tepee type of housing or tent under all weather conditions so that the tepee is ventilated to a proper degree to make such a structure habitable, particularly if a lire is used under the structure.

The Indian tepee is ordinarily of conical form with an opening through the top and with a weather shield which presumably is also a Ventilating shield extending above the opening and provided with means such as a pole for defining the position of the weather shield. lle, of necessity, became skilled in his knowledge of windage, draft, etc., and was able to so place his tepee and so arrange his weather and wind shield that he could secure a ventilation effect which would carry olf the fumes of the lire and thus provide a habitable structure free from dangerous ground drafts.

rI`he present invention is designed to ses cure results by mechanical structural means that the Indian was able to secure through long practice of necessities.

The invention may be applied to practically any form of tent structure which in a broad sense embodies an inclosure which may be of various forms and which embodies essentially a housing or covering of a temporary character which is mounted directly upon the earth and is subject to all of the variable conditions of drainage, ventilation, etc., which may occur from general character of surroundings in which it is essential to place the structure for the purposes of shelter.

rlhe main essentials ofthe modern tent shelter are'that it shall be of simple and light construction, requiring no special paraphernalia to make it habitable. It must be a collapsible device of comparatively light weight having features of easy transporta tion.

The invention herein defined has for its objects the providing of a sanitary tent by securing proper ventilation with adequate protection against drafts.

A further object is to arrange a tent structure in such manner that there will be in effect a forced draft ventilation occurring well above the general line of occupancy.

Referring to the drawings: Figure l illustrates a tent of the conical or tepee type embodying the features of the invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional view upon a different scale, illustrating the Ventilating ducts or tubes. Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view through one of the gores and Ventilating strips. Fig. 4 is a detail view of a weather shield and ventilator applicable to the conical or tepee type of tent. Fig. 5 illustrates the invention as applied to the well-known conical wall tent.

In tent structures as generally considered, there is an inclosing surface of canvas or similar material which is `raised directly upon the ground `and is subject to all weather conditions. Therefore, the interior of the structure is subject to conditions of moisture rising from the earth and heat and cold radiation through the walls of the structure.

If the device is opened from the sides or bottom, there necessarily are cross drafts which are not only uncomfortable, but even dangerous to the occupant and as this class of device is used primarily for a `night shelter to cover the occupants While sleeping, it is quite essential that there shall be adequate ventilation of a character which will not give direct drafts upon the occupants. Furthermore, for an ideal tent, some provision must be made for maintaining a fire of adequate proportions within the structure, with provision for Ventilating and carrying olf the fumes and smoke `of the lire, without unduly reducing the temperature of the inclosure. The Indian could do all this with his knowledge and skill of handling his fire and manipulating his weather and draft shield of the'tepee, but it is one of the principal objects of the present invention to provide a structure which the ordinary layman may utilize and Winch will provide all the essentials of ventilation, proper draft and protection without an unusual knowledge of manner and method of placing the structure and manipulating the weather and wind shield.

Referring to Fig. 1 there is illustrated a simple type of tent of the tepee or conical form which has come to be known as the regulation Sibley tent. This ordinarily is made up of triangular strips 1 commonly called gores, the number and disposition of which depends upon the circular ground area to be covered. These gores or strips taper from the base 2 toward'the apex 3. At the juncture of each of the gore sections are peg-ropes 4 and pegs 5 for securing the bottom of the tent to the earth. At the top there is provided an opening 6 and the upper ends of the triangular gore pieces are connected with supporting ropes 7 which terminate in a central ring 8. This ring may be secured to a supporting rope 9 which may be conveniently cast over the limb of a tree or other support and when drawn tight will give a substantially firm conical shelter` The device may also be supported upon a'pole, as illustrated in Figs. 2 and il, the upper end of the pole passing into the ring 8 and the lower end properly secured in the earth. The opening 6 at the top of the tent may be partially or wholly covered with a weather apron 10 which ordinarily issplit down at one side and controlled with ropes or ycords so that it may be opened 4to a greater or less. extent. There is also usuallyl provided a groundA cloth or flap 11 which is a dependent band of fabric secured interiorly about the wall of the tent and portions of which will permit its beinglaid in flat upon the ground. This ordinarily is held down byplacing loose earth, stones or other convenient holding means upon it. I Its particular function is to close the bottom' of the tent structure upon uneven ground to prevent bottom drafts. Ordinarily, there is an opening to the structure provided by splitting one of the gores as at 12 to a sufficient height to permit ingress and egress and this split gore is provided with tie ropes 13 by which it may be tied back to any desired extent ory may be tied together to form a locked inclosure.-

Obviously, with a number of persons in .such a structure and with the flap closed and even with the weather and ventilating l shield'10 open, there is no adequate means of Ventilating the interior unless thev flap 12V is open to a greater or less degree. This, under any unusual weather conditions is impossible and therefore the occupants sufi fer from lack ofproper ventilation.

V The invention herein described provides a ventilation without cross drafts and consis-ts in forming onv the'` backs ofthe .gores flues 14 which extend from an opening 15 at or adjacent to the lower edge of the tent structure to a point 16 above the heads of the occupants. The height of the liue depends upon the size and shape of the tent. Ordinarilygit extends to a point approximately equal to the height of the tent. These ventilating fines are formed by stitching to the back of the gores, where desired, a strip ci' material 17 and bringing said strip of material below an opening 15 in the main wall of the gore of the tent. The flue is, of course, open at the top as at 18. The air inlet at the opening 15 may be conveniently controlled by flaps 20 having tic tapes 21 by which they may be held away from the opening 15 or may be secured over the opening when said tapes are tied into suitable retaining tapes 22.

1t is apparent from the above description that the tent may be tightly closed except for the ventilating ducts or flues and that any desired degree of ventilation may be secured by opening one or more of the inlets 15 as may be required. The structure thus formed serves as a complete protection against the weather and obviously the ducts provide a direct draft toward the top of the tent and inside of it, which will drive ofi' smoke or foul air through the top opening of the tent. At the same time, there will be no cross drafts from which the occupants might ordinarily suffer. The device as constructed, really acts as a chimney, giving a draft directly through the top of the tent from the outside air to carry off fumes with out necessitating any opening of the tent iaps.

Obviously, the full structure may be applied to any form of tent and the fines being formed of a iexible material of the same character as the tent itself, there will be no extra parts and comparatively no extra weight added to the structure. The ventilating ues may be utilized in conjunction with the ordinaryopen top tepee, with the regulation Sibley tent having a weather and wind shield; or with the type of army tent commonly known as the conical wall tent, such as illustrated in Fig. 5. In the latter instance, the dependent walls 23 dropping below the lgeneral conical formation of gores 24 are ordinarily led into a trench 25 which prevents cross-drafts and serves as drainage for the earth, within the area covered by thetent. The main conical walls extend over the drop walls 23 to give a weather shield and the ventilating flues have their' openings formed as at 2G just above the drop walls. These openings 2G are, of course, controlled by flaps 27 exactly as in the case of the conical tepee tent heretofore described. 1t is preferred that the fines have ataper from the opening at the lower endv to ithe,..opening .at the upper end but obviously, the exact formation and size of these flues may be determined for any given structure. Y

In Fig. 3 there is illustrated the manner ol providing the iue Which is secured by using a strip of material 28 which bags away from the main surface 29 of the gores or Walls of the tent and is in-turned and stitched to the Wall giving an open space 30 to provide the air flue. j

'lhe exact form of construction of the fines is immaterial and must be arranged to correspond With the particular type of tent structure to be employed and various changes may be made Without departing from the spirit or intent of the invention which contemplates providing fines having an inlet opening at or near the bottom Walls of the tent structure and terminating to- Ward the top of the tent through which air will be delivered from the outside to the inside of the tent above the normal line of occupancy.

YW hat l claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

l. A tent having Ventilating tlues opening to the outside of the tent adjacent to its bottom and to the interior of the tent adja cent to its top.

2. A tent having plurality of points,

lines in its Walls at a said lues opening to the exterior of the tent adjacent to its bottom edge and opening to the interior of the tent adjacent to its top.

3. A tent having Ventilating flues opening to the outside ot' the tent adjacent to its bottom and to the interior of the tent adjacent to its top, and iaps for controlling the inlet.

4. A tent having lues in its Walls at a plurality of points, said flues opening to the exterior of the tent adjacent to its bottom edge and opening to the interior of the tent adjacent to its top and flaps for controlling the inlet to the Hues.

5. A tent having a Hue opening to the exterior of its walls at the lower end and to the interior of the Walls at the upper Vend, said iue being formed of a flexible material secured to the Walls of the tent.

6. A tent having a flue opening to the exterior of its Walls at the lower end and to the interior of the Walls at the upper end, said flue being formed of a flexible material secured to the walls of the tent and a flexible flap secured t0 the tent Wall cover the opening therethrough.

E. A. LLOYD, C. A. BENNETT.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

' Washington, D. C.

and adapted tol 

